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Present Perfect Simple and Continuous
Present Perfect Simple
Form: Subject + have/has + past participle (3rd column)
Uses:
- Experience (unspecified time): "I have visited Japan three times." (When is not important.)
- Recent events with present relevance: "She has lost her keys." (She cannot get in now.)
- Unfinished states (with for/since): "We have lived here since 2015." / "They have known each other for ten years."
- With just, already, yet, ever, never, recently, lately: "Have you ever been to Australia?" / "He has just arrived."
Recuerda
NEVER use Present Perfect with a finished time expression (yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago). Use Past Simple instead: "I saw him yesterday" (NOT "I have seen him yesterday"). The Present Perfect connects the past to the present; the Past Simple refers to a completed past period.
Present Perfect Continuous
Form: Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing
Uses:
- Emphasis on duration of an activity up to now: "I have been waiting for you for two hours."
- Recent continuous activity with visible results: "You are sweating. Have you been running?"
- Repeated actions up to now: "She has been calling you all morning."
Present Perfect Simple vs. Continuous
| Simple | Continuous |
|---|
| Focus on result/completion: "I have read the book." (finished) | Focus on duration/process: "I have been reading the book." (maybe not finished) |
| Permanent states: "I have lived here for 10 years." | Temporary/recent activities: "I have been living here for a few months." |
| How many/how much: "She has written 3 emails." | How long: "She has been writing emails all morning." |
Ejemplo
"I have painted the room." (The room is finished. Focus on the result.)
"I have been painting the room." (I may not have finished. I am probably covered in paint. Focus on the activity/duration.)
Ejercicios
1. Complete with Present Perfect Simple or Continuous:
a) She ___ (work) here since 2018.
b) I ___ (read) three chapters so far.
c) How long ___ you ___ (wait) for the bus?
d) They ___ (just/arrive) from the airport.
e) Your eyes are red. ___ you ___ (cry)?
f) He ___ (never/try) sushi.
2. Explain the difference in meaning:
a) "He has gone to París." vs. "He has been to París."
b) "I have read the book." vs. "I have been reading the book."
📋 Resumen de la lección- Form:
- Uses:
- Experience (unspecified time):
- have visited
- Recent events with present relevance:
- has lost
- Unfinished states (with for/since):
- have lived
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