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Past and Future Tenses: Complete Review
Past Simple
Form: Subject + verb-ed (regular) / 2nd column (irregular)
Uses: Completed actions at a specific past time: "I visited París last summer." Sequences of past events: "She woke up, had breakfast and left."
Past Continuous
Form: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Uses: Actions in progress at a specific past time: "At 8 pm, I was watching a film." Background action interrupted by another: "I was walking home when it started to rain." Parallel actions: "While she was cooking, he was reading."
Recuerda
The Past Simple expresses a completed action that interrupts the Past Continuous: "I was having dinner (long action, background) when the phone rang (short action, interruption)." Both actions are in the past, but they have different durations and relationships.
Future Forms
| Form | Structure | Use | Example |
|---|
| Will | will + base form | Predictions, spontaneous decisions, promises, offers | I think it will rain. / I will help you. |
| Going to | am/is/are + going to + base form | Plans and intentions, predictions based on evidence | I am going to study medicine. / Look at those clouds - it is going to rain. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are + verb-ing | Fixed arrangements | We are having dinner with them on Saturday. |
| Present Simple | base form (+s) | Timetables, schedules | The plañe takes off at 6:30 am. |
| Future Continuous | will + be + verb-ing | Actions in progress at a future time | This time tomorrow, I will be flying to New York. |
Ejemplo
"I will call you later." (spontaneous decisión, made at the moment of speaking)
"I am going to call the dentist." (plan/intention, decided before speaking)
"I am calling the dentist at 3 pm." (fixed arrangement, the appointment exists)
Ejercicios
1. Choose the correct form (Past Simple, Past Continuous, or a future form):
a) When I ___ (arrive), they ___ (have) dinner.
b) She ___ (break) her leg while she ___ (ski).
c) Do not call me at 9 - I ___ (have) a meeting.
d) I have decided: I ___ (learn) Italian next year.
e) Wait - I ___ (open) the door for you.
f) The exhibition ___ (close) on March 15th.
2. Write a short paragraph (50-80 words) about your plans for next weekend using at least three different future forms.
Test de autoevaluación
1. Which sentence uses the Present Continuous for a future arrangement?
a) I am reading a book right now.
b) We are flying to Berlin next Monday.
c) She is always forgetting her keys.
d) They are playing football in the park.
2. "While I ___ (study), the lights went out." The correct form is:
a) studied
b) was studying
c) have studied
d) am studying
3. "Going to" is used for predictions when:
a) We are guessing without evidence
b) There is present evidence
c) We make a spontaneous decisión
d) We talk about schedules
4. Which verb is NOT normally used in continuous tenses?
a) work
b) play
c) belong
d) run
5. "I will help you with that" expresses:
a) A plan made before speaking
b) A timetable
c) A spontaneous offer
d) An action in progress