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Introducción
El presente capítulo se centra en el uso de la conjugación del verbo "going" en inglés, conocido como "going to" y "present continuous for future". Este vocabulario es fundamental para expresar planes, promesas, planes de viaje y más.
Explicación
La conjugación "going to" se utiliza para indicar planes o promesas concretos, mientras que el verbo "present continuous for future" se usa para expresar planes futuros en el presente o planes de viaje en el futuro.
Ejemplo
Ejemplo:
Ella está planeando viajar a París.
Ejercicios
Look at those dark clouds! It ___ rain.
I ___ Maria at the airport at 6pm tomorrow. (fixed arrangement)
Material adicional
Reported Speech: introducción (Estilo indirecto)
El Reported Speech (estilo indirecto) se usa para contar lo que otra persona ha dicho sin usar sus palabras exactas. En lugar de citar directamente, «reportamos» o resumimos lo que dijo.
Direct Speech vs Reported Speech
Direct Speech (estilo directo)
Reported Speech (estilo indirecto)
"I am tired," she said.
She said (that) she was tired.
"I like pizza," he said.
He said (that) he liked pizza.
"We are going home," they said.
They said (that) they were going home.
Cambios en los tiempos verbales (Backshift)
Cuando el verbo introductorio (said, told) está en pasado, los tiempos verbales retroceden un paso:
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Nombre del cambio
Present Simple: "I play..."
Past Simple: He said he played...
Present → Past
Present Continuous: "I am playing..."
Past Continuous: He said he was playing...
Pres. Cont. → Past Cont.
Past Simple: "I played..."
Past Perfect: He said he had played...
Past → Past Perfect
Present Perfect: "I have played..."
Past Perfect: He said he had played...
Pres. Perf. → Past Perfect
Will: "I will play..."
Would: He said he would play...
Will → Would
Can: "I can play..."
Could: He said he could play...
Can → Could
Must: "I must go..."
Had to: He said he had to go...
Must → Had to
📌 Recuerda
La palabra that es opcional: • She said that she was tired. = She said she was tired. (Ambas correctas.)
Cambios en pronombres y expresiones de tiempo
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
I / me / my
he/she / him/her / his/her
we / us / our
they / them / their
you
I/he/she/they (según contexto)
today
that day
tomorrow
the next day / the following day
yesterday
the day before / the previous day
now
then
here
there
this
that
these
those
ago
before
SAY vs TELL
SAY
TELL
No necesita persona
Necesita persona
He said (that) he was tired.
He told me (that) he was tired.
She said she liked pizza.
She told her friend she liked pizza.
⚠️ Importante
• ✅ He said he was tired. ❌ He said me he was tired. • ✅ He told me he was tired. ❌ He told he was tired.
📘 Ejemplo
Direct: "I am studying English," María said. Reported: María said (that) she was studying English.
Direct: "We went to the cinema yesterday," they said. Reported: They said (that) they had gone to the cinema the day before.
Direct: "I will help you tomorrow," he told me. Reported: He told me (that) he would help me the next day.
Direct: "I can swim very well," she said. Reported: She said (that) she could swim very well.
📖 Reading comprehension
Read the conversations and change to reported speech:
1. "I love music," said Carlos. 2. "We are going to the beach tomorrow," they told me. 3. "I can't come to the party," said Ana. 4. "I have finished my homework," he said. 5. "I will call you later," she told her friend.
Write in Reported Speech: 1. Carlos said that ___ 2. They told me that ___ 3. Ana said that ___ 4. He said that ___ 5. She told her friend that ___
✏️ Ejercicios
1. Transforma a Reported Speech: a) "I am happy," she said. → She said ___ b) "I play football every day," he said. → He said ___ c) "We went to London last year," they said. → They said ___ d) "I will help you," she told me. → She told me ___ e) "I can speak French," he said. → He said ___ f) "I must study tonight," she said. → She said ___
2. Elige said o told: a) She ___ that she was tired. b) He ___ me that he liked the film. c) They ___ they were going home. d) She ___ her teacher she was ill.
3. Traduce al inglés (Reported Speech): a) Ella dijo que estaba cansada. → ___ b) Él me dijo que vendría mañana (= al día siguiente). → ___ c) Ellos dijeron que habían ido al cine. → ___ d) Ella dijo que sabía nadar. → ___
4. Transforma de Reported Speech a Direct Speech: a) He said he was studying English. → "___" b) She told me she would come the next day. → "___" c) They said they had seen the film. → "___"
5. Escribe 5 cosas que alguien te dijo esta semana en Reported Speech.
📋 Resumen de la lección
Reported Speech: contar lo que alguien dijo sin citar textualmente.
Los tiempos verbales retroceden: Present → Past, Past → Past Perfect, will → would, can → could.
Los pronombres y expresiones de tiempo también cambian (today → that day, tomorrow → the next day).
Say no necesita persona. Tell sí necesita persona.
That es opcional: He said (that) he was tired.
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