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Introducción
En inglés hay varias formas de hablar del futuro, y no significan exactamente lo mismo. En esta lección comparamos tres: will, be going to y el Present Continuous con valor de futuro. Elegir bien depende de si se trata de una decisión, un plan, una predicción o una cita ya organizada.
Explicación
1. Will + verbo base (I will help, contracción I'll help; negativa won't). Se usa para:
Decisiones espontáneas, tomadas en el momento de hablar: It's cold in here. I'll close the window.
Promesas, ofrecimientos y peticiones: I'll call you tonight. / Will you help me?
Predicciones basadas en opiniones o creencias, a menudo con I think, I'm sure, probably: I think Spain will win the match.
2. Be going to + verbo base (I'm going to study; negativa I'm not going to study). Se usa para:
Planes e intenciones que ya hemos decidido antes de hablar: I'm going to learn to play the guitar this year.
Predicciones basadas en lo que vemos ahora (hay una prueba presente): Look at those dark clouds! It's going to rain.
3. Present Continuous (am / is / are + -ing) con valor de futuro. Se usa para citas y planes ya organizados, con fecha, hora o lugar fijados, normalmente con otra persona o con una reserva hecha: I'm meeting Maria at the airport at 6 p.m. tomorrow. / We're flying to London on Friday. Casi siempre lleva una expresión de tiempo futuro (tomorrow, next week, on Saturday), porque sin ella entenderíamos que la acción ocurre ahora.
¿Cómo elegir? Hazte estas preguntas:
¿Lo decido ahora mismo, o prometo u ofrezco algo? → will.
¿Es una intención que ya tenía, o una predicción que se ve venir por algo que veo? → going to.
¿Está ya organizado, con día y hora, o con billetes comprados? → Present Continuous.
La diferencia entre going to y Present Continuous a veces es pequeña: I'm going to visit my grandparents (intención) y I'm visiting my grandparents on Sunday (ya está acordado con ellos).
Ejemplo
Ejemplo 1.A: We haven't got any milk. B: Don't worry, I ___ (buy) some.
B decide en ese momento, al oír el problema: decisión espontánea → will. Solución: I'll buy some.
Ejemplo 2.Be careful! That glass is at the edge of the table. It ___ (fall).
Vemos una prueba ahora (el vaso está en el borde): predicción con evidencia → going to. Solución: It's going to fall.
Ejemplo 3.I ___ (see) the dentist at 10 o'clock tomorrow. Es una cita con hora fijada → Present Continuous: I'm seeing the dentist at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
Ejercicios
A: The phone is ringing. B: Don't get up, I ___ answer it.
We ___ to Rome next Friday. We have already booked the flights and the hotel.
Material adicional
Reported Speech: introducción (Estilo indirecto)
El Reported Speech (estilo indirecto) se usa para contar lo que otra persona ha dicho sin usar sus palabras exactas. En lugar de citar directamente, «reportamos» o resumimos lo que dijo.
Direct Speech vs Reported Speech
Direct Speech (estilo directo)
Reported Speech (estilo indirecto)
"I am tired," she said.
She said (that) she was tired.
"I like pizza," he said.
He said (that) he liked pizza.
"We are going home," they said.
They said (that) they were going home.
Cambios en los tiempos verbales (Backshift)
Cuando el verbo introductorio (said, told) está en pasado, los tiempos verbales retroceden un paso:
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Nombre del cambio
Present Simple: "I play..."
Past Simple: He said he played...
Present → Past
Present Continuous: "I am playing..."
Past Continuous: He said he was playing...
Pres. Cont. → Past Cont.
Past Simple: "I played..."
Past Perfect: He said he had played...
Past → Past Perfect
Present Perfect: "I have played..."
Past Perfect: He said he had played...
Pres. Perf. → Past Perfect
Will: "I will play..."
Would: He said he would play...
Will → Would
Can: "I can play..."
Could: He said he could play...
Can → Could
Must: "I must go..."
Had to: He said he had to go...
Must → Had to
📌 Recuerda
La palabra that es opcional: • She said that she was tired. = She said she was tired. (Ambas correctas.)
Cambios en pronombres y expresiones de tiempo
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
I / me / my
he/she / him/her / his/her
we / us / our
they / them / their
you
I/he/she/they (según contexto)
today
that day
tomorrow
the next day / the following day
yesterday
the day before / the previous day
now
then
here
there
this
that
these
those
ago
before
SAY vs TELL
SAY
TELL
No necesita persona
Necesita persona
He said (that) he was tired.
He told me (that) he was tired.
She said she liked pizza.
She told her friend she liked pizza.
⚠️ Importante
• ✅ He said he was tired. ❌ He said me he was tired. • ✅ He told me he was tired. ❌ He told he was tired.
📘 Ejemplo
Direct: "I am studying English," María said. Reported: María said (that) she was studying English.
Direct: "We went to the cinema yesterday," they said. Reported: They said (that) they had gone to the cinema the day before.
Direct: "I will help you tomorrow," he told me. Reported: He told me (that) he would help me the next day.
Direct: "I can swim very well," she said. Reported: She said (that) she could swim very well.
📖 Reading comprehension
Read the conversations and change to reported speech:
1. "I love music," said Carlos. 2. "We are going to the beach tomorrow," they told me. 3. "I can't come to the party," said Ana. 4. "I have finished my homework," he said. 5. "I will call you later," she told her friend.
Write in Reported Speech: 1. Carlos said that ___ 2. They told me that ___ 3. Ana said that ___ 4. He said that ___ 5. She told her friend that ___
✏️ Ejercicios
1. Transforma a Reported Speech: a) "I am happy," she said. → She said ___ b) "I play football every day," he said. → He said ___ c) "We went to London last year," they said. → They said ___ d) "I will help you," she told me. → She told me ___ e) "I can speak French," he said. → He said ___ f) "I must study tonight," she said. → She said ___
2. Elige said o told: a) She ___ that she was tired. b) He ___ me that he liked the film. c) They ___ they were going home. d) She ___ her teacher she was ill.
3. Traduce al inglés (Reported Speech): a) Ella dijo que estaba cansada. → ___ b) Él me dijo que vendría mañana (= al día siguiente). → ___ c) Ellos dijeron que habían ido al cine. → ___ d) Ella dijo que sabía nadar. → ___
4. Transforma de Reported Speech a Direct Speech: a) He said he was studying English. → "___" b) She told me she would come the next day. → "___" c) They said they had seen the film. → "___"
5. Escribe 5 cosas que alguien te dijo esta semana en Reported Speech.
📋 Resumen de la lección
Reported Speech: contar lo que alguien dijo sin citar textualmente.
Los tiempos verbales retroceden: Present → Past, Past → Past Perfect, will → would, can → could.
Los pronombres y expresiones de tiempo también cambian (today → that day, tomorrow → the next day).
Say no necesita persona. Tell sí necesita persona.
That es opcional: He said (that) he was tired.
Publicidad
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