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Relative Clauses
Relative clauses give information about a noun. They use relative pronouns to connect the clauses.
Relative Pronouns
| Pronoun | Use | Example |
|---|
| who | For people | The girl who lives next door is my friend. |
| which | For things/animals | The book which I read was great. |
| that | For people or things | The film that we saw was funny. |
| where | For places | The school where I study is big. |
| when | For times | Summer is the time when I am happiest. |
Defining vs Non-defining
- Defining: Essential information. No commas. "The man who called is my uncle." (Which man? The one who called.)
- Non-defining: Extra information. With commas. "My uncle, who lives in London, called me." (We already know which uncle.)
Example
Defining: Students who study hard get good marks. (Only those who study hard.)
Non-defining: My sister, who is 15, plays the piano. (I only have one sister; the information is extra.)
Remember
In defining relative clauses, you can use "that" instead of "who/which". In non-defining clauses (with commas), you CANNOT use "that".
Exercises- Complete with who, which, where or when: "The teacher _____ teaches us English is from Ireland." / "The cinema _____ we go is near my house."
- Join the sentences using a relative pronoun: "I have a friend. She speaks four languages." / "This is the park. We play football here."
- Add commas where necessary: "My mother who is a doctor works at the hospital." / "The students who passed the exam are happy."
- Write 4 sentences about your family and friends using different relative pronouns.
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