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Past Simple: verbos regulares
El Past Simple (pasado simple) se usa para hablar de acciones terminadas en el pasado. Es el equivalente al pretérito indefinido en español: «Yo estudié», «Ella jugó», «Nosotros comimos».
En esta lección nos centraremos en los verbos regulares, que forman el pasado añadiendo -ed al final.
Forma afirmativa: verbo + -ed
Para formar el Past Simple de los verbos regulares, añadimos -ed al infinitivo. La forma es igual para todas las personas (no hay cambios con he/she/it):
| Pronombre | Verbo PLAY | Verbo STUDY | Verbo LIVE |
|---|
| I | I played | I studied | I lived |
| You | You played | You studied | You lived |
| He/She/It | He played | She studied | It lived |
| We | We played | We studied | We lived |
| They | They played | They studied | They lived |
Reglas de ortografía para añadir -ed
| Regla | Ejemplo | Resultado |
|---|
| La mayoría: añadir -ed | play, watch, clean, walk | played, watched, cleaned, walked |
| Verbos acabados en -e: añadir solo -d | live, dance, arrive, like | lived, danced, arrived, liked |
| Verbos acabados en consonante + y: cambiar y → -ied | study, carry, try, worry | studied, carried, tried, worried |
| Verbos acabados en vocal + y: añadir -ed | play, enjoy, stay | played, enjoyed, stayed |
| Verbos cortos (CVC): doblar última consonante + -ed | stop, plan, drop | stopped, planned, dropped |
Pronunciación de -ed
La terminación -ed se pronuncia de tres formas diferentes:
| Pronunciación | Cuándo | Ejemplos |
|---|
| /t/ | Después de sonidos sordos: k, p, f, s, sh, ch | walked, stopped, watched, washed |
| /d/ | Después de sonidos sonoros: b, g, l, m, n, v, z y vocales | played, cleaned, lived, arrived |
| /ɪd/ | Después de t o d | wanted, needed, started, visited |
Forma negativa: didn't + verbo base
Para negar en Past Simple usamos did not (didn't) + el verbo en su forma base (sin -ed):
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Traducción |
|---|
| I played football. | I didn't play football. | No jugué al fútbol. |
| She watched TV. | She didn't watch TV. | Ella no vio la tele. |
| They studied English. | They didn't study English. | No estudiaron inglés. |
⚠️ ImportanteCon didn't, el verbo vuelve a la forma base (sin -ed):
• ✅ She didn't play. ❌ She didn't played.
• ✅ He didn't watch. ❌ He didn't watched.
Forma interrogativa: Did + sujeto + verbo base?
| Afirmativa | Interrogativa | Traducción |
|---|
| You played tennis. | Did you play tennis? | ¿Jugaste al tenis? |
| She watched a film. | Did she watch a film? | ¿Vio ella una película? |
| They arrived late. | Did they arrive late? | ¿Llegaron tarde? |
Respuestas cortas:
| Pregunta | Sí | No |
|---|
| Did you play football? | Yes, I did. | No, I didn't. |
| Did she study? | Yes, she did. | No, she didn't. |
Expresiones de tiempo del pasado
Con el Past Simple usamos estas expresiones:
📘 Ejemployesterday — ayer
last night / last week / last month / last year / last summer — anoche / la semana pasada / el mes pasado / el año pasado / el verano pasado
two days ago / three weeks ago / a year ago — hace dos días / hace tres semanas / hace un año
in 2020 / in January — en 2020 / en enero
when I was young — cuando era joven
📖 Reading comprehensionRead about Ana's holiday:
Last summer, Ana visited her grandparents in a small village in Andalucía. She stayed there for three weeks. Every day, she walked to the river and played with her cousins. They climbed trees and watched the birds. In the evening, Ana helped her grandmother cook dinner. She learned how to make gazpacho! On Saturdays, they visited the local market and Ana's grandfather played guitar for the family. Ana really enjoyed her holiday. She didn't want to go back home! She arrived home on 1st September, tired but very happy.
Questions:
1. Where did Ana go last summer? ___
2. How long did she stay? ___
3. What did she do every day? ___
4. What did she learn to cook? ___
5. What did they do on Saturdays? ___
6. Did Ana enjoy her holiday? ___
7. When did she arrive home? ___
✏️ Ejercicios1. Escribe el Past Simple de estos verbos:
a) play → ___ b) study → ___ c) live → ___ d) stop → ___
e) carry → ___ f) watch → ___ g) arrive → ___ h) enjoy → ___
2. Completa las frases con el Past Simple:
a) I ___ (visit) London last year. b) She ___ (study) for three hours.
c) They ___ (play) football yesterday. d) We ___ (watch) a film last night.
e) He ___ (live) in Barcelona in 2019. f) The bus ___ (arrive) late.
3. Escribe en negativa:
a) I played tennis. → ___ b) She watched TV. → ___
c) They walked to school. → ___ d) He studied French. → ___
4. Escribe en interrogativa:
a) You visited Madrid. → ___ b) She enjoyed the party. → ___
c) They lived in London. → ___ d) He cleaned his room. → ___
5. Traduce al inglés:
a) Ayer jugué al fútbol con mis amigos. → ___
b) Ella no estudió ayer por la noche. → ___
c) ¿Visitaste Barcelona el verano pasado? → ___
d) Nosotros vimos una película hace dos días. → ___
e) Ellos llegaron tarde al colegio. → ___
6. Escribe un párrafo sobre lo que hiciste ayer (mínimo 6 frases en Past Simple).
📋 Resumen de la lección- El Past Simple se usa para acciones terminadas en el pasado.
- Verbos regulares: añadir -ed (played, watched, studied).
- Negativa: didn't + verbo base (sin -ed).
- Interrogativa: Did + sujeto + verbo base?
- Expresiones de tiempo: yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020...
- La forma es igual para todas las personas.