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There is / There are (Hay)
En español usamos una sola palabra —«hay»— para decir que algo existe en un lugar. En inglés, necesitamos dos formas diferentes según si hablamos de una cosa (singular) o varias cosas (plural):
There is → hay (singular) — There is a book on the table. (Hay un libro en la mesa.)
There are → hay (plural) — There are three books on the table. (Hay tres libros en la mesa.)
Forma afirmativa
| Forma | Contraída | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|
| There is | There's | Singular / incontable | There's a cat in the garden. |
| There are | — | Plural | There are five students in the class. |
Forma negativa
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Contraída | Traducción |
|---|
| There is a park. | There is not a park. | There isn't a park. | No hay un parque. |
| There are shops. | There are not shops. | There aren't any shops. | No hay tiendas. |
Forma interrogativa
| Afirmativa | Interrogativa | Traducción |
|---|
| There is a cinema. | Is there a cinema? | ¿Hay un cine? |
| There are restaurants. | Are there any restaurants? | ¿Hay restaurantes? |
Respuestas cortas:
📘 EjemploIs there a park near here? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
Are there any shops? — Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
Some, Any, A/An con There is/are
Estas palabras se usan frecuentemente con there is/are:
| Palabra | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|
| a / an | Singular afirmativo | There is a dog. / There is an apple. |
| some | Plural afirmativo / incontable afirmativo | There are some books. / There is some water. |
| any | Negativo e interrogativo | There aren't any chairs. / Are there any pens? |
📌 Recuerdaa se usa antes de consonante: a book, a table.
an se usa antes de vocal: an apple, an orange, an egg.
Preposiciones de lugar (Prepositions of place)
Cuando describimos dónde están las cosas, usamos preposiciones de lugar:
| Preposición | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|
| in | dentro de | The book is in my bag. |
| on | sobre, encima de | The cat is on the table. |
| under | debajo de | The dog is under the bed. |
| next to | al lado de | The school is next to the park. |
| between | entre (dos cosas) | The bank is between the shop and the cinema. |
| in front of | delante de | There is a car in front of the house. |
| behind | detrás de | The garden is behind the house. |
| opposite | enfrente de | The pharmacy is opposite the school. |
| near | cerca de | There is a park near my house. |
📚 Vocabulario / VocabularyLugares en la ciudad (Places in town):
• school (colegio) • park (parque) • hospital (hospital) • cinema (cine) • supermarket (supermercado)
• shop / store (tienda) • library (biblioteca) • restaurant (restaurante) • bank (banco)
• church (iglesia) • pharmacy / chemist's (farmacia) • post office (correos) • museum (museo)
• swimming pool (piscina) • bus stop (parada de autobús) • train station (estación de tren)
Partes de la casa (Parts of the house):
• bedroom (dormitorio) • living room (salón) • kitchen (cocina) • bathroom (baño)
• dining room (comedor) • garden (jardín) • garage (garaje) • stairs (escaleras)
📖 Reading comprehensionRead about Lisa's neighbourhood:
I live in a small town called Greenfield. My house is in Oak Street. There is a big park opposite my house. In the park, there are lots of trees and flowers. There is a playground with swings and slides for children. Next to the park, there is a supermarket where my mum goes shopping every week. There are some small shops in the high street — there is a bakery, a bookshop and a pharmacy. There isn't a cinema in my town, but there is one in the next town. There aren't any factories, so the air is very clean. Behind my house, there is a small garden with some flowers and a big tree. I love my neighbourhood because it's quiet and beautiful!
Questions:
1. Where does Lisa live? ___
2. What is opposite her house? ___
3. What is there in the park? ___
4. Is there a cinema in Greenfield? ___
5. Are there any factories? ___
6. What is behind her house? ___
✏️ Ejercicios1. Completa con There is o There are:
a) ___ a library in my school. b) ___ three bedrooms in my house.
c) ___ a big park near here. d) ___ some shops in the centre.
e) ___ an apple on the table. f) ___ two cats in the garden.
2. Escribe en negativa:
a) There is a cinema. → ___ b) There are shops. → ___
c) There is a swimming pool. → ___
3. Escribe en interrogativa y responde:
a) There is a park near your house. → ___ (Yes) → ___
b) There are restaurants. → ___ (No) → ___
4. Completa con a, an, some o any:
a) There is ___ orange on the table. b) There are ___ books in my bag.
c) Are there ___ shops near here? d) There isn't ___ hospital in my town.
e) There is ___ dog in the park. f) There aren't ___ children in the playground.
5. Completa con la preposición correcta:
a) The cat is ___ (debajo de) the table. b) The school is ___ (al lado de) the park.
c) My keys are ___ (dentro de) my bag. d) The cinema is ___ (enfrente de) the bank.
6. Describe tu habitación usando There is/are (mínimo 6 frases):
Ejemplo: In my bedroom, there is a bed next to the window. There are two posters on the wall...
📋 Resumen de la lección- There is = hay (singular). There are = hay (plural).
- Negativa: there isn't / there aren't + any.
- Interrogativa: Is there...? / Are there any...?
- a/an = singular. some = plural afirmativo. any = negativo/interrogativo.
- Las preposiciones de lugar: in, on, under, next to, between, in front of, behind, opposite, near.