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Present Simple (Presente simple)
El Present Simple es el tiempo verbal que usamos para hablar de acciones habituales, rutinas, hechos generales y verdades universales. Es el tiempo que más se usa en inglés.
En español equivale al presente de indicativo: «Yo estudio inglés todos los días» → I study English every day.
Forma afirmativa
En Present Simple, el verbo se usa en su forma base (infinitivo sin to). La única regla especial es que con he, she, it se añade -s o -es al verbo:
| Pronombre | Verbo PLAY | Verbo STUDY | Verbo GO |
|---|
| I | I play | I study | I go |
| You | You play | You study | You go |
| He | He plays | He studies | He goes |
| She | She plays | She studies | She goes |
| It | It plays | It studies | It goes |
| We | We play | We study | We go |
| You | You play | You study | You go |
| They | They play | They study | They go |
Reglas para la tercera persona (he/she/it)
| Regla | Ejemplo | Resultado |
|---|
| La mayoría: añadir -s | play, eat, read | plays, eats, reads |
| Verbos acabados en -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o: añadir -es | go, watch, wash, miss, fix | goes, watches, washes, misses, fixes |
| Verbos acabados en consonante + y: cambiar y → -ies | study, carry, fly | studies, carries, flies |
| Verbos acabados en vocal + y: añadir -s | play, enjoy, buy | plays, enjoys, buys |
⚠️ ImportanteEl verbo have es irregular en tercera persona: he/she/it has (no «haves»).
Forma negativa
Para negar en Present Simple usamos el auxiliar do not (don't) o does not (doesn't) + verbo en forma base:
| Pronombre | Negativa | Contraída | Traducción |
|---|
| I | I do not play. | I don't play. | No juego. |
| You | You do not like. | You don't like. | No te gusta. |
| He | He does not play. | He doesn't play. | Él no juega. |
| She | She does not like. | She doesn't like. | A ella no le gusta. |
| We | We do not live. | We don't live. | No vivimos. |
| They | They do not eat. | They don't eat. | No comen. |
📌 RecuerdaCon doesn't, el verbo vuelve a la forma base (sin -s):
• ✅ She doesn't play. ❌ She doesn't plays.
• ✅ He doesn't go. ❌ He doesn't goes.
Forma interrogativa
Para preguntar, ponemos Do/Does al principio:
| Afirmativa | Interrogativa | Traducción |
|---|
| You play tennis. | Do you play tennis? | ¿Juegas al tenis? |
| She speaks English. | Does she speak English? | ¿Habla ella inglés? |
| They live in Madrid. | Do they live in Madrid? | ¿Viven en Madrid? |
| He watches TV. | Does he watch TV? | ¿Ve él la tele? |
Respuestas cortas:
| Pregunta | Sí | No |
|---|
| Do you like pizza? | Yes, I do. | No, I don't. |
| Does she play football? | Yes, she does. | No, she doesn't. |
Expresiones de frecuencia (Frequency adverbs)
Con el Present Simple usamos adverbios de frecuencia que indican con qué frecuencia hacemos algo. Se colocan antes del verbo principal (pero después de to be):
| Adverbio | Significado | % | Ejemplo |
|---|
| always | siempre | 100% | I always eat breakfast. |
| usually | normalmente | 80% | She usually walks to school. |
| often | a menudo | 60% | We often play football. |
| sometimes | a veces | 40% | I sometimes read at night. |
| rarely / seldom | raramente | 20% | He rarely watches TV. |
| never | nunca | 0% | They never eat fish. |
Otras expresiones de tiempo: every day (todos los días), every week (cada semana), on Mondays (los lunes), in the morning (por la mañana), at the weekend (el fin de semana).
📖 Reading comprehensionRead about Tom's daily routine:
Tom is 12 years old. He lives in London with his family. Every day, he gets up at 7 o'clock. He always has breakfast at home — he usually eats cereal and drinks orange juice. He goes to school by bus. School starts at 8:30. He studies Maths, English, Science and History. He often plays football with his friends at break time. He sometimes has lunch at school, but he usually goes home for lunch. In the afternoon, he does his homework. He never watches TV before finishing his homework. At the weekend, he plays video games and rides his bike in the park.
Questions:
1. Where does Tom live? ___
2. What time does he get up? ___
3. What does he usually eat for breakfast? ___
4. How does he go to school? ___
5. Does he always have lunch at school? ___
6. When does he watch TV? ___
7. What does he do at the weekend? ___
✏️ Ejercicios1. Completa con la forma correcta del verbo:
a) She ___ (play) tennis every Saturday. b) I ___ (go) to school by bus.
c) He ___ (watch) TV in the evening. d) They ___ (study) English at school.
e) My cat ___ (sleep) on the sofá. f) We ___ (have) lunch at 2 o'clock.
2. Escribe en negativa:
a) She plays the guitar. → ___ b) I like Maths. → ___
c) He goes to school on Saturdays. → ___ d) They eat meat. → ___
3. Escribe en interrogativa:
a) You speak French. → ___ b) She reads books. → ___
c) They live in Barcelona. → ___ d) He plays basketball. → ___
4. Coloca el adverbio en su lugar correcto:
a) I am late for school. (never) → ___
b) She watches TV. (sometimes) → ___
c) They play video games. (often) → ___
5. Traduce al inglés:
a) Ella estudia inglés todos los días. → ___
b) Nosotros no comemos carne. → ___
c) ¿Juegas al fútbol los sábados? → ___
d) Él siempre llega tarde. → ___
e) Mis padres trabajan en una oficina. → ___
6. Escribe 5 frases sobre tu rutina diaria usando Present Simple:
📋 Resumen de la lección- El Present Simple se usa para rutinas, hábitos y hechos generales.
- Con he/she/it se añade -s/-es/-ies al verbo.
- Negativa: don't / doesn't + verbo base.
- Interrogativa: Do / Does + sujeto + verbo base?
- Los adverbios de frecuencia van antes del verbo (pero después de to be).
- Expresiones de tiempo: every day, on Mondays, at the weekend, in the morning.