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Text Cohesion
Good writing is not just about grammar. It also needs cohesion - the way sentences and ideas connect smoothly.
Reference
Using pronouns and determiners to refer back (or forward) to avoid repetition: María loves tennis. She plays it every day.
Substitution and ellipsis
Replacing words to avoid repetition: I have a blue pen. Do you have one?
Substituting a whole clause: "Are you coming?" "I hope so." (so = that I am coming)
Leaving out words (ellipsis): "Can you swim?" "Yes, I can." (= Yes, I can swim.)
Lexical cohesion
- Synonyms: big -> large, huge, enormous
- Hyponyms: fruit -> apple, banana, orange
- Collocations: make a decision, do homework, take a photo
Discourse markers for organising text
- Opening: First of all, To begin with
- Adding: Furthermore, In addition
- Sequencing: Firstly, Secondly, Next, Then, Finally
- Concluding: In conclusion, To sum up, All in all, On the whole
- Giving opinion: In my view, I believe that, It seems to me
Ejercicios
1) Improve this text by adding connectors and cohesion devices:
"Teenagers use social media. Social media is popular. Social media can be dangerous. Teenagers should be careful. Parents should monitor teenagers."
2) Write a well-organised paragraph (100 words) about the advantages of learning languages. Use at least 5 different connectors.
✏️ Actividad de repasoRepasa los conceptos principales de esta lección. Intenta explicar con tus propias palabras lo que has aprendido sobre Text cohesion: reference and substitution.
- Lee de nuevo las secciones que no hayas entendido bien.
- Escribe un resumen de 3-5 líneas con las ideas principales.
- Si hay ejercicios, intenta resolverlos sin mirar las soluciones.