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Reduced Relative Clauses
In formal or written English, relative clauses can be shortened:
Active meaning -> present participle (-ing)
The man who is standing there... -> The man standing there...
People who live in cities... -> People living in cities...
Passive meaning -> past participle (-ed/irregular)
The book which was written by Lorca... -> The book written by Lorca...
Advanced relative pronouns
- which referring to a whole clause: He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.
- preposition + which/whom: The company for which she works is international.
Ejemplo resuelto
"The painting which was stolen last month has been found."
Reduced: "The painting stolen last month has been found."
"Students who want to participate should sign up."
Reduced: "Students wanting to participate should sign up."
Ejercicios
1) Reduce these relative clauses:
a) The woman who is wearing a red dress is my aunt.
b) The letter which was sent yesterday has arrived.
c) People who suffer from allergies should be careful in spring.
2) Combine using "which" referring to the whole sentence:
a) She won the competition. This made her parents very proud.
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